Since the 1960s, the governments of the UK and France have been envisioning a direct link between the two countries, whether by bridge or tunnel across the English Channel. In 1986, this vision became a reality when Margaret Thatcher and François Mitterrand announced that the Channel Tunnel Group and France-Manche were winners for the bid to build a tunnel under the Channel to connect the two countries.
In 1994, the Channel Tunnel, or 'chunnel', a 50km long undersea tunnel was completed.Eurotunnel manages the infrastructure of the Tunnel and operates accompanied truck shuttle and passenger shuttle (both car and coach) services between Folkestone in the UK and Coquelles in France.
The transport system is actually made up of three tunnels: two tunnels through which shuttles travel and a central service tunnel. The tunnels lie approximately 40 metres below the seabed and the 39km undersea section makes it the longest undersea tunnel in the world. Cross-passages connect the rail tunnels to the service tunnel - the only one of its kind in the world - every 375 metres, providing access for safety and maintenance purposes. The service tunnel also acts as a 'safe haven' maintained at a higher air pressure and thus will remain free from smoke and fumes, in case of an emergency.

1. Eurotunnel College St. Paul Washington
2. Eurotunnel College St. Paul Va
3. Eurotunnel College St. Paul Ny
4. Eurotunnel College St. Paul

Since opening, 57 million people have travelled through the Channel Tunnel. Eurotunnel shuttle locomotives are the most powerful locomotives in the world, generating up to 7MW (7,500hp), hauling trains of up to 2,400 tonnes, at speeds of up to 90mph (140 kph). The trains are protected by ATP (Automatic Train Protection), which brings the shuttle to a controlled stop, in the event of driver error.

The Channel Tunnel (French: Le tunnel sous la Manche), also referred to as the Eurotunnel or Chunnel, is a 50.45-kilometre (31.35 mi) railway tunnel that connects Folkestone (Kent, England, UK) with Coquelles (Hauts-de-France, France) beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. Travel with Eurotunnel Le Shuttle - Folkestone to Calais in just 35 minutes. Up to 4 shuttles per hour, and direct motorway access. Book now from just £31 per car, each way.

Eurotunnel is now the market leader for cross-Channel travel and transports over 6.6 million passengers (on Eurostar), 2.3 million cars, 1.3 million trucks, 70,000 coaches and 1.5 million tonnes of freight annually. It is also the market leader for pet travel, with over 34,000 dogs and cats having crossed the Channel, since Eurotunnel began its Pet Travel Scheme in 2000.
There are several sources of income for Eurotunnel. Firstly, from its own passenger shuttle and truck shuttle services. Secondly, toll income from other train operators, which use the Tunnel, such as Eurostar for rail passengers and EWS and SNCF for freight rail. Eurotunnel's operating revenue for 2003 was £566 million, 41 per cent of which was derived from the railway business and 55 per cent from its shuttle services. The company is quoted on the London, Paris and Brussels stock exchanges.

Using Eurostar

Using Eurostar is a time saving and cost effective means of reaching Belgium and northern France from the UK. Eurostar trains pass through the Channel Tunnel and give incredible journey times of 2 hours, 15 minutes to central Paris and an even quicker 2 hours to Gare du Midi Station in Brussels.

Good motorway access and car parking facilities at Ebbsfleet and Ashford is convenient for motorists using Eurostar trains to the continent. During the week there are about 25 Eurostar trains from St Pancras bound for Paris and Brussels. One train a day goes to Paris Disneyland. Depending on the season there are special Eurostar services for Avignon and the Alps.

Modern rolling stock provides travellers using Eurostar with three class options, comfortable and spacious seating and buffet services. Passengers in Leisure Select and Business classes are served with free beverages and light meals. The normal check in time is 30 minutes before travel but Business Premier gains a fast-track 10 minute special service.

The advantage of travelling Eurostar over flying is that in all destinations the arrival station is closer to the city centre than airports. Gare du Nord in Paris is a five minute Metro ride from the Louvre, the Eiffel Tower or Champs Elysees. Passengers not wishing to travel through to terminus stations can get off in Calais or Lille.

The principal embarkation point in the UK for passengers using Eurostar is St Pancras International Station in London. St Pancras is only a quick journey from most parts of London with the capital’s extensive Underground network. A few of the trains also stop at Ebbsfleet or Ashford before going through the tunnel.

Channel ferries

Eurotunnel College St. Paul Washington

Coordinates: 43°28′20″N80°32′50″W / 43.47222°N 80.54722°W

St. Paul's University College

Motto	'Education for global progress.'
Type	Public
Established	1962
United Church of Canada(former)
Chancellor	Michaëlle Jean[1]
Principal	Rick Myers
Undergraduates	190
Location	, ,
Campus	Urban/Suburban 4 km2 (1000 acres)[2]
Colours	Green and Brown
Nickname	STP, SPUC
Affiliations	University of Waterloo
Website	uwaterloo.ca/stpauls/

St. Paul's University College (formerly St. Paul's United College) is an affiliated institution of the University of Waterloo, located in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. The college has two functions: first, it is a residence for both undergraduate and graduate students of the University; and, second, it offers classes to all University students. St. Paul's is home to the Waterloo Indigenous Student Centre, which offers support services for Indigenous students; GreenHouse, a live-in social innovation community and business incubator; and hotel-style guest rooms for visitors.

History[edit]

St. Paul's was founded in 1962 by the United Church of Canada (UCC) and first opened its doors to students in 1963. The UCC's goal was to provide a place where students of any background, denomination, religion, or academic program could come to study and be stimulated academically, intellectually, and spiritually. The College now operates independently of UCC as a legacy corporation with no formal or legal relationship.^[3]

Residences[edit]

St. Paul's has residences at 190 and 196 Westmount Rd. North.^[4] St. Paul's has two residence communities: the undergraduate residence and the Apartment Building. Undergraduate students in the Faculty of Environment, Women in Engineering, and International Engineering may be part of the popular Living-Learning Community, which provides academic support from Peer Leaders and upper-year students.

Undergraduate residence[edit]

Eurotunnel College St. Paul Va

The undergraduate residence opened in 1963 and houses 192 students on eight 'floors.' Seven of these floors - Empire, Wildside, Penthouse, Alcatraz, Dungeon, Oasis, and La Bastille - contain double accommodation and have been in use since the opening of the college. The remaining floor, Purgatory, opened in September, 2003 and has single accommodation. Empire was formerly known as Apathy, La Bastille was formerly known as Olympus, and Wildside was formerly known as W5 (Wild Wonderful Women of the West Wing). In 2017, the new St. Paul's Green Wing expansion opened. With this came the addition of 6 new residence floors adding 73 rooms. Atlantis, Blackforest, Gotham, Arcadia, Olympus, and Galactica all offer 'Super Single' accommodations featuring double size beds and private ensuite bathrooms.

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The residence has several traditions that are unique to the college. The fall term begins with a week-long Orientation Week that is run jointly with the other residences and faculties to acquaint incoming first-year students with the campus. St. Paul's Orientation Week is traditionally centered on winning the Golden Beanie. Early in the fall term, the entire college plays a game of capture the flag, and another game entitled 'Gotcha' where the residents try to tag and eliminate each other through survival of the fittest.

Watson's Eatery is the cafeteria at St. Paul's University College. First-year students and dons subscribe to a semi-all you can eat meal plan, containing 5 and 4 swipes per day on weekdays and weekends respectively. A swipe normally constitutes an entree with a variety of other food choices, such as salad, soup, and desserts. On weekdays, Watson's Eatery opens at 7:30 am for breakfast until 10:30 am, while lunch is served from 11:30 am to 2:00pm. Every weekday, dinner service begins at 4:30 pm until 6:00 pm, although the Watson's Grille (which serves burgers, fries, and has a deli bar) is open until 8:00 pm. However, on weekends, dinner at Watson's is exclusively open from 4:30-6 pm. Hence, Watson's offers a late dinner service that allows a student to fill out a form requesting certain food choices, where the dinner is aside for that individual. In addition, on weekends, Watson's replaces its breakfast and lunch services with brunch, which is not open until 11:00 am.

Eurotunnel College St. Paul

Working for the town. In early March, the annual Blackforest Coffeehouse showcases talent from both the college and the region; most performers present musical acts, although other acts (such as magic or spoken word) are sometimes showcased.

Each school night, toast and several spreads are made available at Toast Time so that students can have a study break. Other regular activities include writing workshops, intramural sports teams, and community dinners.

La Bastille, a floor that houses 17 French-speaking students, is the only such floor on the Waterloo campus.

Facilities that are available to students include a cafeteria with full meal service, three lounges, laundry facilities, a reading room, classrooms, a chapel (now mainly functioning as a multi-purpose classroom), and a games room.

Apartments[edit]

The Apartment Building at St. Paul's opened in September 2004. The building houses over 100 graduate students in 80 apartments and suites, as well as upper-year undergraduate students. There is a variety of designs available in the units, including single accommodation, double accommodation, and accommodation to house students with families. There are also 8 guest rooms available to visitors of the University (such as parents, researchers, and visiting professors).

Academic programs[edit]

St. Paul's offers a small number of courses in the areas of spirituality and personal development, Native studies, religious studies, and International Development. St. Paul's was the home of the Canadian Studies program; however, the program closed at the end of the 2004-05 academic year.

Waterloo Indigenous Student Centre[edit]

St. Paul's is home to the University of Waterloo's Indigenous Student Centre. The Centre is available to members of the university community for counselling, academic advice, and liaising to Indigenous resources. The Centre staff work closely with the Indigenous Students Association to provide opportunities for Indigenous students to explore and celebrate their heritage.

The Centre organise events that are of interest to Aboriginal students and others; they include weekly speakers, a weekly soup lunch, and an annual pow wow.

Environment Living-Learning Community[edit]

In 2007, St. Paul's welcomed Faculty of Environment students into the new Living-Learning Community. This program offers students the chance to live with their classmates and attend many faculty-oriented events as well as social programming.

Principals[edit]

• Rick Myers (2016–present)
• Graham Brown (1999–2016)
• Helga Mills (1994-1999)
• William Klassen (1989-1994)
• François Gerard (1978-1988)
• Alan M. McLachlin (1965-1977)
• Douglas J. Hall (1962-1965)

References[edit]

1. ^'Michaëlle Jean is new chancellor of St. Paul's University College'. St. Paul's University College. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
2. ^'About UW'. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
3. ^'About St. Paul's University College'. St. Paul's University College. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
4. ^http://www.rev.gov.on.ca/en/lists/itrp/6921.html^{[permanent dead link]} Ontario University Residences list

External links[edit]